The difference between Satan and Lucifer and the devil. Satan, Lucifer, Beelzebub - who is who? In other religious teachings

Satan (Samael, Azazel, Devil, Mephistopheles, Lucifer, Devil, Shaitan) - according to the religious ideas of Christianity and Islam, the main opponent of God and all forces faithful to him in heaven and on earth. According to Judaism, Satan is not a power independent of God. Satan, Lucifer, the Devil and Beelzebub are completely different entities with their own history. Satan Hebrew ???????, satan - obstacle, adversary. In a number of books of the Old Testament, Satan is called an angel who tests the faith of the righteous. The Gospels indicate that Satan fell from heaven. The Apostle Paul states that Satan is able to be transfigured (transfigurat) into an angel of light (in angelum lucis). In the Apocalypse, Satan appears as the Dragon and the Devil - the leader of the dark angels in the battle with the Archangel Michael.

The biblical texts completely renounce any graphic images of Satan. On the contrary, medieval fantasy excelled in detailing such images. Giving it gigantic dimensions, a mixture of anthropomorphic and animal features, etc.

Satan's mouth was often identified with the entrance to hell, so to enter hell meant to be devoured by him. In the “Divine Comedy” by Dante (“Hell”, XXXIV), Satan, half frozen into ice (a symbol of cold, dislike), is an ugly parody of the images of heaven: he has three faces (a mockery of the Trinity), and one of them is red (anger , as the opposite of God's love), the other is pale yellow (a symbol of impotence or laziness as the opposite of God's omnipotence), the third is black (ignorance, as the opposite of God's omniscience). Six wings of a bat - corresponds to 6 wings of a seraphim. His teeth torment Judas Iscariot - the traitor of Jesus Christ, and Brutus and Cassius - seditious who encroached on the highest state authority.

On the contrary, J. Milton in Paradise Lost gives the image of Satan a gloomy majesty that makes him suitable for the role of an epic hero.

The tragic poem “Lucifer” by the Dutch poet Jost van den Vondel goes in the same direction, the hero of which knows how to be imposing in his vanity and talks about the need to correct God’s mistake for the benefit of God himself.

Only after romanticism (J. Byron, M. Yu. Lermontov and others), in the stream of liberalism and anti-clericalism, the image of Satan as freedom-loving rebel can become an unambiguously positive hero, acquiring the features of an ancient Greek deity: “To Satan” by Cardduchi, “Lucifer” by M. Raspisardi, “Litany to Satan” by C. Baudelaire. For A. France, as the heir to this tradition, it is already axiomatic that Satan is an ideal, and he plays with this axiom in the “Rise of the Angels”, proving that God should be destroyed in oneself, “for we did not understand that victory is a spirit and that in us, and only in ourselves, we must overcome and destroy Jaldabaoth.”

In contemporary art The image of Satan, ideas and images, the symbols of Satanism are currently actively used in the promotion of musical groups - primarily in order to attract attention to themselves (outrageous, PR).

Analogues of Satan in literature* Daniil Andreev has Gagtungr, Lucifer and, to some extent, Witsraor. * Bulgakov has Woland and all his retinue. * Mephistopheles - the devil in Goethe ("Faust"), F. M. Dostoevsky ("The Brothers Karamazov") and T. Mann ("Doctor Faustus").

In fantasy In the fantasy of various authors, characters appear that are similar in status to Satan, that is, they personify and / or lead evil forces. Examples: * Tolkien - Melkor. * According to Robert Jordan, the Dark One is absolute evil, commanding a huge army of Trollocs, Murdraals, the Dark One's henchmen, Dark Ayy and Forsaken.

Lucifer(lat. Lucifer) - a male name, translated from Latin - "light-bearing". Roman personal name (praenomen) of the late empire (dominate). * In the Vulgate (Latin translation of the Bible), St. Jerome: o Lucifer - one of the names of the fallen angel (Satan) o Metaphorical name of Christ in the Latin translation of the Bible

1:19 et habemus firmiorem propheticum sermonem cui bene facitis adtendentes quasi lucernae lucenti in caliginoso loco donec dies inlucescat et lucifer oriatur in cordibus vestris - 2 Peter 1:19

* Saint Lucifer - church leader of the 4th century. n. e. Bishop of Cagliari (Sardinia), opponent of Arianism.

* Lucifer in the mythology of the Rose of the World is a great demon, god-born monad, which raised a rebellion against the plan of God, which caused the falling away of many smaller monads - demons.

* Lucifer in The Urantia Book is the fallen and deposed Son in the hierarchy of universal power. He fell into the arms of sin, succumbing to selfish urges and the sophistry of false personal freedom - the denial of universal devotion, disrespect for brotherly duties, forgetfulness of cosmic relationships.

* Luchafer.

Beelzebub(Baal-Sound, Heb. ??? ?????) - in the Septuagint, the name of the Assyro-Phoenician deity Baalzevuv, one of the personifications of Baal. Translated as "Lord of the Flies". One of the demons of Judaism. In the New Testament - "the prince of demons", or Satan (Gospel of Matthew, 12:24).

Beelzebub (Beelzebub, Beelzebub, Beelzebub, Beelzebut, Baal-Zebub) is a great demon, so high-ranking and powerful that he is often mistaken for the supreme leader of the Infernal forces instead of Satan. In fact, Beelzebub is the second figure in Hell, the closest associate and co-ruler of Satan-Lucifer.

Lucifer is one of the most controversial and mysterious figures, both in religion and in mythology. In some sources - he is the embodiment of evil, in others - a carrier of light energy, an epic hero.

According to the Bible, Lucifer, like all angels, had no mother. The Lord God created them.

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Classmates

Who is Lucifer in the Bible

Other Legends of Lucifer

Mother of Lucifer

In the Middle Ages, some theologians believed that angels did not come from the void, but were created from the energy radiated by the stars. This energy was called Lucida. Therefore, in many religious texts, Lucida is identified with the mother of Lucifer. However, such a vision is interpreted by the church as heretical.

Later, during the Renaissance, there was a desire to consider Lucifer not as a devil, but as a follower of his mother, who is a source of goodness and light. That is, Lucifer was credited with the mission of the Rebirth of mankind.

Devil, Satan and Lucifer in the Old Testament

In the Old Testament, the forces of evil were described in different aspects..

Lucifer in the New Testament

In the New Testament, Lucifer also appears in different forms, but everywhere is the personification of evil forces.

Some interpretations

In the Jewish tradition

According to Jewish beliefs, Satan, as in Christianity, is not equal in strength to God. He serves Him as an accusing angel, and has no will of his own. The Creator allows Satan to be present in the human world in order to be able to choose between good and evil.

Sometimes among the Jews, Satan appears as an impersonal evil, and sometimes in a more prominent role. Often it is called Samael or Satanail. He is associated with the angel of death and with the bad qualities of people. But sometimes it is endowed with its own individuality.

In Christianity

Christian teaching considers every conversion to Satan in divination and witchcraft, as a great sin and madness. It considers all the insolence of demons weak, that is, powerless against faith, supported by prayers. In both Orthodoxy and Catholicism, the renunciation of Satan occurs during the rite. A small number of Christians believe that the parable of Lucifer is nothing more than just an allegory. These include, for example, Hobbes and Newton.

In Islam

In Islam, Satan is called Iblis. In this religion, the story of Iblis is very similar to the story of Lucifer in Christianity. He was a very smart genie, and the Almighty elevated him to the rank of an angel and attached him to this circle. At first, Iblis was a believer, but then he stopped obeying the orders of God and was cursed by him.

In Satanism

Among adherents of Satanism there are the following opinions. Satan is the personification of the dark sides of man, his worst qualities. He "sits" in each of us. People are faced with the task of recognizing it and “pulling it out” into the light. The satanic essence is the main thing for a person; it carries power and strength in itself. You should be proud of him, not ashamed of him. One must cultivate evil in oneself by worshiping it in satanic temples, casting magic spells and making sacrifices. For most Satanists, the Devil is a symbol representing a natural force that opposes God.

Who is Lucifer: video, icons, literature

Icons

In the Middle Ages, the image of Satan was written out in great detail. It was huge, combined the features of man and animal. His mouth was associated with the gates of hell. To enter hell meant to be eaten by Satan. Among the plots of icon painting there is an image called "The fall of the morning star". Based on a chapter from the book of the prophet Isaiah. Angels turn into demons, and among them is Lucifer himself. He is the morning star, in this case identified with Satan.

Literature

Video

There are many films and series about Lucifer. Almost all of them can be viewed on video on the Internet. But in them he is usually considered not from a religious point of view, but as a hero of funny adventures. For example, in the American television series Lucifer, the main character is the Demon King, who is bored on the throne. He decides to go down to earth and ends up in Los Angeles. Gets a job there as director of a nightclub and begins to lead a wild life, and subsequently is engaged in the disclosure of intricate crimes using his supernatural abilities.

Almost all films about Lucifer are by no means religious or philosophical, but rather entertaining, which does not contribute to the spiritual development of young people.

Lucifer in the Bible

The first mention of Lucifer is found in the Book of Isaiah, written in Hebrew. Here the dynasty of the Babylonian kings is compared with a fallen angel, thanks to which the reader will learn the story of how one of the seraphim desired power equal to God, and was cast down from heaven for this. The original uses the Hebrew word "heylel" ("morning star", "daylight"):

Isaiah 14:12-17 NM

How you fell from the sky, morning star, son of the dawn! Crashed on the ground, trampling the nations. And he said in his heart: “I will ascend to heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God, and I will sit on a mountain in the assembly of the gods, on the edge of the north; I will ascend into the heights of the clouds; I will be like the Most High.” But you are cast into hell, into the depths of the underworld. Those who see you look at you, think about you: “Is this the man who shook the earth, shook kingdoms, made the world a desert and destroyed its cities, did not let his captives go home?”

Here "daylight", that is, the morning star, does not act as a name, but as an epithet of brightness and brilliance, without a negative meaning. There is a similar place in another Old Testament book of the prophet Ezekiel, where the fall of the city of Tire is also compared with the fall of an angel, although he is not called the "morning star":

Ezekiel 28:12-19 NM

You were an anointed cherub to cover, and I set you up for it; you were on the holy mountain of God, walking among fiery stones. You were perfect in your ways from the day you were created, until iniquity was found in you... Your inner being was filled with unrighteousness, and you sinned; and I cast you down as unclean from the mountain of God; I cast you out, O covering cherub, from the midst of fiery stones. Your heart was lifted up because of your beauty, because of your vanity you destroyed your wisdom; therefore I will cast you to the ground, before kings I will put you to shame. With the multitude of your iniquities you have defiled your sanctuaries; and I will draw fire out of your midst, which will consume you: and I will turn you to ashes on the ground before the eyes of all who see you.

The Jews and early Christians did not use "heilel" as a name for Satan. It is worth noting that later in the New Testament Jesus was compared to the "morning star". Jesus is the "bright morning star" foretold in the days of Moses (Numbers 24:17; Psalm 89:35-38). He is the "pre-dawn star" whose rising brings forth a new day (2 Peter 1:19).

open 22:16 NM

“I, Jesus, have sent my angel to give you a testimony of this for the benefit of the congregations. I am the root and offspring of David and the bright morning star.”

2 Peter 1:19 NM

Therefore, we are even more confident in the prophetic word, and you do well that you address it as a lamp shining in a dark place - until the day dawns and the pre-dawn star rises - in your hearts.

Jerome, when translating the indicated passage from the Book of Isaiah, used in the Vulgate the Latin word Lucifer (“light-bearing”, “light-bearing”), which was used to designate the “morning star”, and the idea that, like the king of Babylon, cast down from the heights of earthly glory, and Satan was once cast down from the heights of heavenly glory (Luke; Rev.), led to the fact that the name Lucifer was transferred to Satan. This identification was also reinforced by the remark of the apostle Paul about Satan, who comes as an "angel of light" (2 Cor.).

Lucifer in Modern Satanism

The image of Lucifer remains more or less unchanged in sources whose authors belong to different traditions. Characteristics of this image:

Inferion - a system of Devil signs and short descriptions published by Vox Inferni Press, describes Lucifer as the spirit of Rebellion and the father of Pride

In Liber Azerate, Lucifer is described as "the benevolent aspect of Satan, who with his light illuminates the safe path and points the way to freedom and divine power beyond the limits of creation."

In Luciferian Witchcraft, Lucifer is described as the "Black Flame of Reason and Will".

Anton Szandor LaVey's List of Devils gives the following description of Lucifer: "Lucifer is (lat.) the bearer of light, enlightenment, the morning star, the Lord of the air and the East."

Lucifer is the ancient Greek god of light, he is mentioned in the Aeneid:

That time Lucifer ascended over the peaks of Ida, Leading the Day behind him. The Danaian guard guarded the entrances of the gate. Our strength was no longer strengthened by hope. (Second book pp. 802-804)

In other religious teachings

Lucifer in culture

• The song "Sympathy for the Devil", written in 1968 by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, is sung by Jagger in the first person from Lucifer's point of view. The song is ranked #32 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.
• Lucifer is the father of the protagonist of the psychological quest Lucius.

see also

• Saint Lucifer - ecclesiastical figure c. n. e. Bishop of Cagliari (Sardinia), opponent of Arianism.

Notes

Literature

• Liber Azerate, TOTBL (Order of the Black Flame)
• A.M.S.G. by V.Scavr, The Black Press, 2009.
• The Complete Book of Demonolatry, S. Connoly, ISBN 978-0-9669788-6-5
• Liber HVHI, Ford M, Succubus Publishing, 2005
• Luciferian Witchcraft, Ford M, Succubus Publishing, MMV
• The Satanic Bible, Anton Szandor LaVey

Links

• // Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. - St. Petersburg. , 1906-1913.
• Lucifer (English) in The Jewish Encyclopedia (ed. Funk & Wagnalls)

Categories:

• Male names
• Names of Latin origin
• Characters of the Divine Comedy
• Christianity
• Satanism
• Demonology
• Luciferianism
• Archangels
• Demons in Christianity

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See what "Lucifer" is in other dictionaries:

- (lat. Lucifer, from lux, lucis light, and ferre to bear). 1) Satan. 2) the poetic part of the morning star of Venus. 3) phosphorus is a light-giver. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. LUCIFER 1) according to the Holy Scriptures ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

See Satan. Literary encyclopedia. In 11 tons; M .: publishing house of the Communist Academy, Soviet Encyclopedia, Fiction. Edited by V. M. Friche, A. V. Lunacharsky. 1929 1939 ... Literary Encyclopedia

Devil, Satan, Venus Dictionary of Russian synonyms. lucifer n., number of synonyms: 5 demon (33) venus ... Synonym dictionary

LUCIFER, in Christianity, the fallen angel, the devil ... Modern Encyclopedia

In Christian mythology, the fallen angel, the devil... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Many religions characterize the spiritual component of human life as a continuous struggle between good and evil. The angel Lucifer in Christian beliefs personifies the dark beginning, destruction and temptation by vices. His story is a prime example of the turning of holiness into sin through pride.

Lucifer - a symbol of the dark beginning

general characteristics

Lucifer is one of the first three. Together with his brothers, and, Dennitsa fulfilled God's will.

His high status allowed him to dominate other angels and even seraphim. According to some sources, Lucifer was the beloved Son of God. The Creator endowed him with many skills and a beautiful face.

The archangel is associated with certain character traits:

• love of freedom, rebellion against outdated foundations;
• demonism, distortion of shrines;
• thirst for divine knowledge;
• pride, identification with God.

Name origin

The name Lucifer came to Christianity from the Roman people. In Latin, "Lux" means light and "Fero" means to carry. So in ancient Rome they called Venus, which was visible at dawn.

The Bible mentions the name "Heilel", which also translates as "morning star". This name refers to the rise of Babylon and is also associated with the fall.

In Eastern Europe, Lucifer is called Dennitsa according to the synodal translation. In the New Testament, the Dawn Star was christened Jesus Christ, indicating the duality of his origin.

The title of the Prince of Evil was also reflected in the name of the archangel. After the fall, Lucifer changed his name:

1. Devil. From the ancient Greek language, this name is translated "liar."
2. Satan. In Aramaic, the word means "adversary."
3. Mephistopheles. The Latin name for a demon, in the Middle Ages, was identified with a fallen angel.

Appearance

The appearance of Lucifer depends on the period. As a cherub, he had a beautiful appearance. According to biblical descriptions, the archangels had twelve wings, and their robes were decorated with precious stones. The plumage of the cherubs was covered with gold and copper, and their flight was accompanied by heavenly thunder and the singing of trumpets.

Due to the Divine origin, the Archangel did not have a clear appearance. Lucifer could take the form of a bright light, a flash of fire in the sky. Other sources describe creatures close to God as four-winged angels with four arms, legs and heads. Shining armor covered their bodies, and their wings left a trail of fire in the sky.

Lucifer in different religions

Each current in Christianity endowed the Devil with its own unique features.

1. The Jews considered the Devil to be a servant of God. According to their belief, he performed the function of the Angel of Death and did not personify Evil in its purest form.
2. In Christianity, any black magic was considered a service to the Devil. For the purification of the soul in both Orthodoxy and Catholicism, it is necessary to undergo the rite of baptism.
3. In Islam, the role of the Devil is played by Iblis (Shaitan). He has a history similar to Lucifer - according to the Qur'an, Shaitan was the beloved genie of Allah, ascended to Heaven. However, over time, Iblis became proud and stopped fulfilling the Will of the Creator. For this, the genie was thrown into the sands of the desert.

Lucifer is a fallen archangel who personifies Evil. His appearance and abilities have changed throughout the history of Christianity. Dennitsa acts as an opponent of God and symbolizes the vicious way of life of a person. Numerous children of Lucifer from mortal women are called

Lucifer, Dennitsa, the First Fallen - with what names they did not endow the most beautiful angel. But, alas, one day he sinned and was cast out of heaven. Who is Dennitsa and what happened to him, we will analyze in this article.

In the article:

Dennitsa and Lucifer are the same angel

The scene of the fall from heaven of Doenitsa and a third of the angelic army

The name Dennitsa from Old Slavonic means "morning Star". It was also called Venus or midday haze in the sky. In Slavic mythology, Dennitsa is the daughter of the sun, whom the moon fell in love with, which is why the eternal enmity between day and night appeared.

For the first time, the word "daylight" appeared to denote the greatness of the king of Babylon, who was like the morning dawn. However, already in the book of the prophet Isaiah he is called Dennitsa. He is the son of the dawn, bright and sparkling, but sinful, fallen from heaven.

In the Bible, Isaiah, chapter 14, verses 12 - 17, we read about the angel Dennitsa:

How you fell from the sky, morning star, son of the dawn! Crashed on the ground, trampling the nations. And he said in his heart: “I will ascend to heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God, and I will sit on a mountain in the assembly of the gods, on the edge of the north; I will ascend into the heights of the clouds; I will be like the Most High.” But you are cast into hell, into the depths of the underworld. Those who see you look at you, think about you: “Is this the man who shook the earth, shook kingdoms, made the world a desert and destroyed its cities, did not let his captives go home?

So in Orthodoxy the name of Lucifer appeared - Dennitsa.

Angel Dennitsa - beloved son of God

Dennitsa was the first angel created by God. He was placed in charge of them, and thus received his name, meaning the early star. Dennitsa, like all angels, was filled with love, and his beautiful appearance inspired other spiritual creatures, awakening to be faithful to God and help him in all endeavors.

Angel Dennitsa loved life very much and strove to show all the love that God put into his creations. Born from God's desire to manifest himself and his emotions, Dennitsa became the angel closest to Him. was appointed his viceroy, an instrument of God's providence.

For a long time the angel Dennitsa stood before God as high priest giving him prayers. Not being selfish, the angel, like no one else, followed all the plans of God, with self-forgetfulness carrying His will among his fellows. Close to God, Dennitsa was for the angels an ideal image of divine perfection. His fame spread among the host of spirits, and love only grew stronger.

Dennitsa-Lucifer, the lord of the lower heavenly powers, loved Adam and Eve. The hypostasis of Lucifer in many other mythologies, and especially Roman, is called Prometheus, which means "wise, thinker." Everyone knows the story of Prometheus - he stole fire from the forge of Hephaestus for people. Thanks to this, people were able to get out of the caves, hunt animals and keep warm. Dennitsa, like Prometheus, brought light to people - knowledge of the difference between good and evil.

Like Prometheus, who brought fire to people and led them out of the darkness of the caves, to gain strength and confidence, Dennitsa desired to give people Divine knowledge. And then he made his first mistake. The leitmotif of the first angel of God Dennitsa and Prometheus, punished for conscription, runs like a red thread through all the beliefs of mankind.

Fallen Angel Dennitsa

The fall of Dennitsa, like another third of heavenly beings, was due to the fact that he disobeyed God. Despite the fact that angels are carriers of the desires and aspirations of God, fulfilling His will, they are not deprived of the right to choose. But God did not become the root cause of the fall of Lucifer, since in those days there was no sin yet.

The original angel was much weaker than his Creator, his capabilities were limited. However, watching the rest of the angels, who, being much weaker, admired and loved him, Dennitsa thought that he was worthy to be in the place of God. In Isaiah chapter 14 we read again:

And he said in his heart: “I will ascend to heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God, and I will sit on a mountain in the assembly of the gods, on the edge of the north; I will ascend into the heights of the clouds; I will be like the Most High.” But you are cast into hell, into the depths of the underworld.

Dennitsa-Lucifer decided that he knows better what people need. Ignoring God's direct warning to Adam and Eve not to touch the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, he descended into garden of eden. Taking the form of a serpent, the angel tempted the gullible woman, thus forcing the forefathers of mankind to sin.

God called his once-faithful son to account. Seeing that Lucifer's heart was filled with pride, and his thoughts were full of darkness, the Creator became very angry. He cursed the angel and threw him into an ever-burning hell to serve his punishment.

The sudden division of the angel community was another unfortunate consequence of Lucifer's betrayal. A third of the heavenly host went over to Dennitsa's side, unable to believe that their radiant leader had disobeyed God. Now their ruler is Lucifer, "the bearer of light", who has departed from the canons of love and justice dictated by the Creator.

The vicious passion of selfishness, the desire to rise above everyone, to rule, to be the main one, gave rise to pride, which led the former vicar of God to fall. Unfortunately, the angels who admired Lucifer were also to blame. Their prayers and love convinced the angel that the perfection with which he was endowed should not go unnoticed.

The topic of betrayal for the Slavs has always been very acute. That is why such a strong hatred of Lucifer and demons has long been characteristic of the Orthodox. There are even proverbs and sayings with the mention of Lucifer:

Anger is a human thing, but rancor is from Lucifer.

Among the Slavs, the names Satan, Lucifer and Beelzebub mean the same thing - the closest angel who betrayed God. In the Old Testament, Satan is a common noun - "the enemy of God." Satan Dennitsa is first called in the book of the prophet Zechariah, in the third chapter. There he acts as an accuser at a heavenly court, protesting against the will of God and devaluing His plan.